Intelligent Real-Time Power Management of Electric Vehicles Power Exchange for Grid Frequency control

The large-scale integration of Electric Vehicles (EVs) into modern power grids presents challenges and opportunities for frequency regulation and grid stability. Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) technology allows bidirectional energy exchange, enabling EVs to act as distributed storage and provide essential ancillary services. This paper proposes a real time power management for coordinating the charging and discharging of EV fleets. The system is modeled using the Xilinx System Generator (XSG) and implemented on a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA). The fleet of EVs is connected to the grid through a power electronics interface coupled with an inductive filter. The management algorithm computes the charging and discharging power of EVs based on their maximum and minimum State of Charge (SoC), the user-specified SoC, grid frequency variations, and the battery power limits. It is automatically converted into hardware-ready VHDL code. Exploiting FPGA parallelism, the implementation achieves very low execution times, reducing control delays and improving dynamic response compared to digital signal processors or microcontroller-based solutions. Simulation results show precise reference tracking, fast correction of frequency deviations, and efficient energy coordination under SOC constraints. These results demonstrate the potential of FPGA–XSG co-design as a high-performance, scalable solution for future V2G applications.