Establishment of a mechano-biological computational framework for fracture healing and investigation of initial condition effects

This study developed a computational framework for mechano-biological regulation of fracture healing, integrating four finite element modules: mechanical stimulus calculation, vascular reconstruction prediction, cell migration and differentiation, and tissue modulus updating. Based on this framework, the effects of initial geometric conditions, initial modulus of granulation tissue, mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) diffusion coefficient, vascular reconstruction parameters, and loading conditions on the speed and quality of healing were systematically analyzed. The results demonstrate that initial conditions play a significant regulatory role in the rate and quality of fracture healing.