Green synthesis of nickel molybdate and its various applications in sensing, supercapacitors and photocatalytic activity

Using ammonium molybdate, nickel nitrate hexahydrate and powdered Salvia hispanica seeds as precursors, NiMoO 4 (NMO) nanoparticles (NPs) were created using a green solution combustion process. To improve crystallinity, the reaction was conducted for 15 minutes at 500 °C followed by three hours of calcination at 600°C. The NPs that were produced were explained using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), which showed porous, aggregated morphologies, and X-ray diffraction (XRD), which verified the crystalline nature and average crystallite size. The synthesized NPs were subsequently used to modify a glassy carbon electrode (GCE), and techniques such as electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), cyclic voltammetry (CV), and linear sweep voltammetry (LSV) were used to evaluate its electrochemical performance. CV measurements demonstrated effective urea detection, with peak currents increasing alongside scan rates, while LSV confirmed that higher urea concentrations produced higher current responses. Additionally, the NPs were coated onto nickel foam substrates for charge–discharge studies, highlighting their potential in energy storage. Beyond sensing applications, the green-synthesized NPs also showed efficacy in photocatalytic dye degradation, underscoring their multifunctional capabilities. ➢ Reporting NiMoO4 nanoparticles (NPs) at 500 °C with Salvia hispanica as organic fuel. ➢ Formation of NPs at 500 °C was explained based on observation during synthesis. ➢ Comparable to aggregation, the mechanism for NP formation was discussed. ➢ The impedance Nyquist plot was obtained from NPs through GCE. ➢ NPs was used for sensing of urea through electro-chemical sensing. ➢ NPs act as stable photocatalysts for the degradation of organic dye. ➢ NPs used for the study of galvanostatic charge and discharge