GPU-Accelerated Data-Driven Surrogates for Transient Simulation of Tileable Piezoelectric Microactuators

Finite element analysis (FEA) remains the gold standard for simulating piezoelectric microactuators because it resolves coupled electromechanical fields with high fidelity. However, transient FEA becomes prohibitively expensive when thousands of actuators must be simulated. This work presents a data-driven surrogate modeling framework for tileable, PZT-5H microactuators enabling fast, dynamic, and parallel predictions of actuator displacement over multi-step horizons from short displacement history windows, augmented with the corresponding prescribed voltage and traction samples over that same history window. High-fidelity COMSOL simulations are used to generate a dataset aiming to encompass the full operational envelope of our actuator under stochastically sampled and procedurally generated input waveform families. From these families, we construct a supervised learning dataset of time histories, displacement, and applied loads. From this, we train a recurrent sequence-to-sequence neural network that predicts a multi-step open-loop displacement rollout conditioned on the most recent electromechanical history. The resulting model can be leveraged to perform batched inference for millions of actuators on GPU hardware, opening up a wide range of new applications such as reinforcement learning via digital twins, scalable design and simulation for piezoelectric artificial-muscle systems, and accelerated optimization.