Passive Estimation of a Moving Source with a Shallow Dual-Hydrophone System in Deep Water

In the deep water environment, estimating the motion parameters of underwater acoustic targets holds significant military and civil value. Aiming at underwater acoustic targets moving at a constant speed in a straight line in deep water, this paper proposes a parameter estimation method based on the time-frequency interference structure of two hydrophones. The radiated signals from the target received by the hydrophones form interference fringes in the time-frequency domain due to the multi-path interference effect. By analyzing the full-plane warping transformation in the time-frequency domain, parameters such as the velocity, the nearest distance, and sound source depth of the constant-speed linear-motion target can be estimated. The method is validated through numerical simulations and channel tank experiments. In the scaled channel tank experiment, the estimation errors of velocity, the nearest distance, and sound source depth are [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], and [Formula: see text] respectively under a signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of [Formula: see text] dB. Compared with traditional methods, the proposed method demonstrates distinct advantages in processing low-SNR signals.