The effect of finding relationships, using variables, drawing diagrams and simplification strategies on the development of formulating skills

the findings show that strategy-based instruction, utilizing relationships, using variables, drawing diagrams, and simplification strategies, significantly improved students' formulating skills. The strategy-based instruction designed within the framework of the Worked Examples approach has positive effects on students' cognitive load management, metacognitive awareness, and problem-solving performance. The research also contributes to the field of educational psychology both theoretically and practically.