Effects of Regulatory Capability on E-Waste Management in Reverse Logistics of Informal SMEs in Dodoma City

Abstract This study examines how regulatory capability factors influence e-waste management performance in reverse logistics among informal small and medium enterprises (hereafter: SMEs) in Dodoma City, Tanzania. Regulatory capability is conceptualised to include the legal framework, technical capacity, stakeholder engagement, and cultural and behavioural factors. A quantitative survey design was used, collecting data from owners/managers of informal e-waste-related SMEs. Results indicate that certain dimensions of regulatory capability have significant positive effects on e-waste reverse logistics performance. In particular, enforcement of e-waste regulations , availability of skilled personnel and recycling infrastructure , public awareness , and cultural norms recognizing e-waste as hazardous each showed significant contributions. The study highlights the need for strengthening regulatory frameworks and enforcement, enhancing technical capabilities, improving stakeholder engagement, and fostering cultural change towards sustainable e-waste practices. Practically, policymakers should focus on clearer e-waste legislation enforcement and capacity building, while SME managers and community leaders should collaborate to improve collection and recycling initiatives. This research addresses a gap in empirical studies on e-waste reverse logistics in the context of informal economies in developing countries. It provides evidence on which regulatory capability factors most strongly impact reverse logistics performance for e-waste in a developing country, informing both theory and practice in circular economy and waste management fields.