Peripheral nerve repair: innovations and future directions

Recent progress in biomaterial conduits, cell-free biologics, and biophysical stimulation is transforming PNI treatment and providing options that surpass conventional microsurgical repair. Continued advancement will require reliable biomarkers, standardized production and evaluation methods, and well-designed randomized controlled trials. Coordinated collaboration across research, clinical practice, industry, and regulatory agencies is essential to develop safe, effective, and widely applicable neuroregenerative therapies that restore meaningful function after peripheral nerve injury.