An Explanation User Interface for Artificial Intelligence–Supported Mechanical Ventilation Optimization for Clinicians: User-Centered Design and Formative Usability Study

This study underscores the importance of UCD in designing XUIs for CDSS. It highlights the differing information needs of physicians and ICU nurses, emphasizing the value of involving users early in the development of suitable XUIs. The findings provide practical guidance for designing layered, role-sensitive explanation interfaces in critical care and form the basis for future iterative evaluations and experimental studies assessing their impact on decision-making and clinician trust.