(PNM-29) Sexual development in adolescence: biopsychosocial transformations

Abstract Adolescence is a stage of intense physical, emotional, and social changes, with the development of sexuality being a central component of this process. This study aims to discuss the biopsychosocial changes of adolescence and highlight the importance of sexual education in promoting health and preventing risk behaviors. A theoretical-reflective analysis was conducted based on scientific literature and secondary data from official institutions. During adolescence, hormonal changes trigger sexual maturation and the emergence of secondary physical characteristics, directly affecting self-esteem and body image. These alterations intertwine with emotional transformations marked by the search for identity, belonging, and autonomy, influenced by social and cultural interactions. In this context, sexuality is expressed through curiosity, masturbation, and the first romantic experiences. The integration of body, emotions, and relationships makes adolescence a particularly sensitive period to the presence — or absence — of qualified information. The lack of adequate guidance may foster risk behaviors, such as unprotected sexual practices and emotional vulnerability. Data from the Pan American Health Organization show that millions of adolescents across the Americas face early pregnancy and sexually transmitted infections. In Brazil, in 2020, approximately 380 000 births were to mothers aged up to 19 years, representing 14% of all births. Between 2015 and 2021, cases of acquired syphilis increased 2.2 times among adolescents aged 13 to 19. These indicators reinforce the urgency of ethical, inclusive, and evidence-based educational programs. It is concluded that school strategies promoting prevention, diversity, respect, and dialogue are essential to strengthen healthy development and support adolescents in making conscious decisions about their bodies and relationships. Financing No conflict.