Urinary tract infection‐related delirium in Alzheimer's disease and related dementias: Clinical challenges and translational opportunities

Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD) affects millions of patients worldwide and is a leading cause of morbidity in older adults. Patients with ADRD are particularly susceptible to developing urinary tract infection (UTI) and UTI-related delirium, creating a self-perpetuating cycle in which ADRD increases vulnerability to infection and delirium, while delirium itself accelerates cognitive and functional decline. This review summarizes the epidemiology, clinical implications, and diagnostic guidelines for UTI and UTI-related delirium in ADRD. It also examines emerging biological mechanisms, including interleukin-6-mediated pathways, and discusses evidence-based strategies for prevention and management.