Ovarian-Specific FOXL2 Protein Expression in Testes from Patients with Complete Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome and Undescended Testes

Expression of the ovarian-specific marker FOXL2 in regions of the testes of patients with CAIS and UDT has not previously been documented and suggests partial activation of the female pathway within these testes. Further research is needed, including FOXL2 protein expression studies in larger series and molecular studies, e.g., transcriptome analysis, to understand the pathophysiology and clinical significance of these novel findings.