(PM-37) What they know vs. what they do: sexual risk behavior, prevention gaps, and the role of relationship beliefs in a cohort of young adults

Abstract Introduction To investigate the sexual behavior of Brazilian university students, with a focus on contraceptive use, condom practices, STI history, and the potential impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on sexual activity and attitudes. Methods A cross-sectional, self-administered online survey was conducted between 2022 and 2023 using a structured questionnaire. Participants (n = 407) were recruited through social media platforms and completed the survey anonymously after providing electronic informed consent. Descriptive and inferential statistics were applied to examine associations across sexual orientation, behavior, and demographic variables. Results Most participants (95%) reported prior sexual experience, with no significant differences across sexual orientations. The majority initiated sexual activity between ages 15–17. Condom use was inconsistent: only 36.5% of heterosexuals, 42.1% of bisexuals, and 38.8% of homosexuals reported always using condoms. Notably, 96.7% agreed with the statement that being in a stable relationship reduced their need for condom use. The history of STI exposure was reported by 11.3% of participants. During the pandemic, a significant reduction in partnered sexual activity and an increase in solitary practices were observed (p < 0.05). Homosexual participants reported higher rates of weekly pornography consumption. Contraceptive methods used during last sexual intercourse differed significantly by sexual orientation (p < 0.05). Conclusions Despite widespread access to information, preventive behaviors remain inconsistent among Brazilian university students. Findings underscore the need for comprehensive sexual education programs that address behavioral, relational, and psychological aspects of sexual health. Future longitudinal research is warranted to track evolving patterns and inform evidence-based public health interventions. Financing No conflict.