Preparation and evaluation of elastic provesicular chrysin carriers: a targeted therapeutic strategy for mitigating ulcerative colitis

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic idiopathic inflammatory bowel syndrome characterised by inflammation and oxidative deterioration. Our study aimed to investigate provesicular formulations (Pro) as a novel carrier for chrysin (CR) to enhance its efficacy in attenuating chemically induced UC. Chrysin Provesicles (CR-Pro) were prepared using coacervation phase separation technique utilising different edge activators along with Span 40 and cholesterol. Vesicles were characterised by entrapment efficiency percentage (EE%), particle size (PS) and zeta potential (ZP) to select the optimal formulation. <i>In-vitro</i> release experiment was conducted to evaluate the release pattern of drug from the developed formulation. <i>In-vivo</i> efficiency of the developed formulation was assessed utilising inflammatory response and oxidative stress generated by acetic acid administered intrarectally in rats. The vesicles revealed high CR EE% ranging from 94.53 ± 1.97 to 99.66 ± 0.16%, VS ranged from 133.6 ± 2.54 to 331.3 ± 5.25 nm, and high negative ZP values which revealed stable vesicular formulations. <i>In-vivo</i> study results showed that the selected CR-Pro reduced the high colonic NO, TLR4, and NF-κβ levels with increasing GSH and SIRT-1 levels, limiting both oxidative injury and inflammatory response. According to these findings, CR-Pro may be a viable drug delivery approach for encapsulating CR and boosting its effectiveness in UC treatment.