Homogenized Optoelectronic Properties in Perovskites: Achieving High-Efficiency Solar Cells with Common Chloride Additives
Improving the bulk quality of perovskite films is critical for achieving higher-performance photovoltaic devices. Chloride-containing additives, including lead chloride (PbCl<sub>2</sub>) and methylammonium chloride (MACl)─standard additives widely adopted in perovskite photovoltaics─are effective for controlling crystallization kinetics and grain morphology. However, the distinct impacts of different forms of chloride additives on nanoscale phase uniformity and luminescence homogeneity remain underexplored. Here, we provide new insights into how the choice and combination of chloride additives influence phase transitions and spatially uniform carrier dynamics within perovskite films. We demonstrate that strategically combining MACl and PbCl<sub>2</sub> improves crystallinity and optoelectronic uniformity across dimensions spanning micrometers to millimeters. Leveraging these findings, we fabricated inverted (p-i-n) perovskite solar cells achieving certified quasi-steady-state efficiencies of 26.4% and 24.5% at device areas of 0.05 and 1 cm<sup>2</sup>, respectively. Furthermore, these devices exhibit robust operational stability, retaining 88% of their initial performance after 1200 h of continuous maximum power point tracking at elevated temperatures (65 °C) under simulated AM1.5G illumination. Our results elucidate the mechanistic differences between chloride additive forms, providing a viable strategy for advancing large-area, high-efficiency, and thermally stable perovskite photovoltaics.
Authors
- Atsushi Wakamiya (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1430-0947)
- Minh Anh Truong
- Huichao Chen (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3012-6531)
- Kyohei Nakano (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2493-2817)
- Daichi Shirakura
- Shuaifeng Hu (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7496-1566)
- Gunnar Kusch (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2743-1022)
- Nobutaka Shioya (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2915-894X)
- Takeshi Hasegawa (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5574-9869)
- Manuel Kober‐Czerny (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7807-3133)
- Noriko Kurose (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9896-0509)
- X. Zhang
- Zaiwei Wang (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9725-0206)
- Xiang Gao (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0009-6364-0391)
- Junke Wang (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5849-7297)
- Yuting Yang (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6859-6195)
- Xinyi Shen (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6013-0964)
- Xinyu Gu (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0008-3370-7252)
- Yixin Zhao
- Keisuke Tajima
- Cheng Liu
- Meng Li
- Zuhong Zhang
- Zhijun Ning
- Henry J. Snaith
- Rachel A. Oliver
- Wei Zhou
- Zhenhuang Su
- Zhongcheng Yuan
- Akash Dasgupta
Institutions
- Henan University (CN)
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University (CN)
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CN)
- Kyoto University (JP)
- University of Cambridge (GB)
- ShanghaiTech University (CN)
- Toray (United States) (US)
- University of Oxford (GB)
- Institute of Molecular Functional Materials (CN)
- Shanghai Advanced Research Institute (CN)
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (JP)
- Institute for the Future (US)
- Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology (CN)
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (ES)
- RIKEN Center for Advanced Photonics (JP)
- École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (CH)
Publication Details
- Journal
- Journal of the American Chemical Society
- Published
- 2026-02-03
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.1021/jacs.5c18303
- Primary Topic
- Perovskite Materials and Applications
- Type
- article
- Field-Weighted Citation Impact
- 0.00