Endoglin-targeted cancer therapies: current status and opportunities

Preclinical studies have greatly advanced our understanding of endoglin biology, but the key challenge lies in identifying the biologic context where endoglin drives tumor progression. Future progress requires a deeper mechanistic resolution of endoglin's roles across tumor type and disease stage, along with the development of biomarkers incorporating spatial expression patterns. Successful translation will depend on matching endoglin-targeted therapy to patients and tumor ecosystems most likely to benefit, shifting from broad anti-angiogenic application to precision stromal targeting.