Neurologic Manifestations of Renal and Electrolyte Disorders

Electrolyte disorders and uremia usually result in reversible cerebral dysfunction leading to encephalopathy, seizures, and muscle weakness. Hyponatremia is the only electrolyte abnormality associated with irreversible brain injury. Neuroimaging should be considered in patients with acute renal failure and encephalopathy to evaluate for posterior encephalopathy syndrome or subdural hematoma.