Evolving PCOS Management: From Symptom Control to Phenotype-Targeted Therapy

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) constitutes a prevalent endocrine and metabolic disorder that substantially compromises reproductive and metabolic health in women of reproductive age. The escalating global prevalence of this multisystem condition underscores the need for innovative, interdisciplinary management strategies. Unlike existing reviews, this paper offers a distinctive synthesis of recent advances in PCOS clinical management, with a novel focus on integrating lifestyle modifications, pharmacological interventions, assisted reproductive techniques, and emerging therapeutic approaches such as digital health tools and personalized medicine. It critically evaluates the mechanisms, efficacy, and limitations of these strategies, while identifying underexplored gaps in current knowledge and practice. Furthermore, the review delineates future research trajectories to bridge these gaps and advance personalized care, ultimately aiming to improve clinical outcomes and patient-centered management.