. The Role of Integrated Leadership Styles in Enhancing Institutional Sustainability: A Systematic Review of Civil Society Organizations in Qatar

AbstractThis study investigates the extent to which strategic leadership contributes to enhancing institutional sustainability—across economic, social, and environmental dimensions—within civil society organizations in Qatar. Adopting a systematic review methodology, the research analyzed more than twenty Arabic and international studies addressing the relationship between leadership styles and sustainability outcomes. The findings revealed that strategic leadership serves as the foundation for achieving long-term organizational stability, efficient resource utilization, and alignment between institutional goals and community missions. Innovative leadership was identified as a key driver of adaptability and continuous improvement, fostering creativity, participation, and resilience in the face of change. Entrepreneurial leadership, meanwhile, enhanced institutional responsiveness by encouraging initiative-taking, expanding partnerships, and promoting financial independence.The review further highlighted that integrating these three leadership styles—strategic, innovative, and entrepreneurial—produces more comprehensive and enduring sustainability outcomes than applying any style individually. However, several research gaps were identified, including limited empirical studies in the Gulf region, the absence of integrated analytical models, and the underutilization of modern frameworks such as VUCA for analyzing leadership effectiveness in dynamic environments. Based on these findings, the study proposes an integrated leadership model that connects the three leadership styles to the core dimensions of sustainability, offering a flexible framework applicable to civil society organizations in Qatar and similar contexts