International Benchmarking of Pharmacology Curricula and Prescribing Related Learning Outcomes, Implications for Australian Health Professional Education: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Globally, active and integrated pharmacology curricula foster greater cognitive understanding and learner satisfaction than conventional models. However, significant variability persists in resource-limited settings, leading to unequal competency in prescribing and therapeutic reasoning. Australian pharmacology programmes align broadly with international standards but require greater standardisation in assessment and experiential learning.