GREST: Geometric Resistance of Expanding Space-Time

AbstractThis manuscript establishes the initial derivation and formulation of the GREST (Geometric Resistance of Expanding Space-Time) framework. GREST addresses the Hubble Tension and the Small-Scale Crisis of cosmology (for example galactic rotation curves and large-scale bulk flows) as scale-dependent manifestations of a single geometric property of the expanding FLRW metric. The framework introduces a global acceleration floor (a0) set by cosmic expansion (c multiplied by H0), which interacts with local Newtonian gravity through scalar metric modulation. The theory contains zero free parameters: all constants are fixed by global observables, while state variables are independently measurable and environment-specific. Priority StatementThis deposit establishes the priority of the GREST master equation and its application to galactic dynamics and large-scale cosmic flows.