Trop2-Based Antibody–Drug Conjugates: Emerging Strategy and Progress in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Therapy

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) accounts for 15-20% of invasive breast cancers and represents a highly heterogeneous, aggressive subtype with poor prognosis and limited treatment options, necessitating the identification of novel therapeutic targets to improve clinical outcomes. Trophoblast cell-surface antigen 2 (Trop2), a calcium signal transducer, is frequently overexpressed in TNBC (approximately 88% of cases) while exhibiting minimal expression in normal tissues. Its overexpression is significantly associated with tumor invasion, metastasis, and unfavorable prognosis. Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) targeting Trop2 have demonstrated significant clinical potential. This article systematically reviews the clinical research progress of Trop2-targeted ADCs, aiming to provide evidence-based insights for improving the prognosis of TNBC patients.