STC-1 improves scar remodeling and is associated with PI3K/AKT signaling and immune modulation

During scar formation, STC-1 modulates fibroblast activity, immune responses, angiogenesis, and ECM remodeling through coordinated regulation of multiple signaling pathways. Collectively, these effects may contribute to STC-1's ability to improve the quality of tissue repair and scar remodeling in vivo. The PI3K/AKT pathway represents one downstream pathway associated with STC-1 activity. However, its efficacy in treating established pathological scars, including keloids, remains to be validated in future studies using more clinically relevant models.