Конструктивний аналіз компресорів тягового та моторвагонного рухомого складу

The article is devoted to a comprehensive analysis of the designs of compressors of traction and railcar rolling stock to identify their design features, principles of operation and determine areas for further improvement. Its purpose is a study aimed at systematizing existing design solutions of compressor equipment of railway transport and substantiating promising ways of modernization of pneumatic systems of modern rolling stock. The authors applied a systematic approach to studying the principles of operation of piston, screw, vane and trochoidal compressors, and conducted an analysis of technical documentation and a comparative assessment of their operational characteristics. It has been established that piston compressors remain the dominant types of compressor equipment used in traction and railcar rolling stock in Ukraine. From the consideration and analysis of the design of existing piston compressors, several of their shortcomings were identified, the main of which are: large mass-dimensional indicators, high energy consumption, significant vibration levels. The novelty of the conducted research is noted, which is characterized by the systematization of the advantages and disadvantages of various types of rotary compressors in relation to their potential application in railway transport. The analysis of the advantages of rotary compressors made it possible to substantiate the feasibility of their implementation to eliminate the above-mentioned disadvantages of piston compressors. The originality is highlighted by a comprehensive approach to the analysis of the problems of existing pneumatic systems and the justification of the directions of their modernization, considering modern technological achievements in the field of compressor construction. The prospects for the use of rotary compressors are noted and the need for further research in the direction of their adaptation to specific operating conditions in railway transport is identified. It is noted that the results of the study have significant practical value for railway transport specialists, as they create a theoretical basis for making informed decisions regarding the modernization of compressor equipment