Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis – a report from primary care perspective

Nephrotic syndrome is a prevalent condition characterized by heavy proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, peripheral oedema, and hypercholesterolemia. It primarily affects the lower extremities and can arise from a variety of underlying causes. Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) is a leading cause of primary glomerular disease in adults, accounting for approximately 35% of cases and up to 80% in African American populations. Early diagnosis and appropriate management are essential to mitigate morbidity, mortality, and associated complications. We report the case of a young female presenting with bilateral lower limb swelling and symptoms of fluid overload, ultimately diagnosed with nephrotic syndrome. The diagnosis was confirmed through a simple urinalysis. Despite implementing dietary salt restriction and treatment with diuretic therapy, including daily administration of loop diuretics, the patient did not achieve a therapeutic response. Consequently, she required lifelong renal replacement therapy.