Harnessing Geothermal Fluids for Energy and Critical Metal Extraction: A Case Study of Lithium and Trace Element Co-Enrichment in a High-Mineralized Water Source in Armenia

Geothermal fluids represent a dual resource for sustainable energy production and critical metal extraction, offering strategic benefits for Armenia’s energy security and industrial development. This study explores the potential of geothermal waters in Armenia for lithium recovery, contributing to both renewable energy and critical metal supply chains. Building on previous research on geothermal brine metal enrichment, we analyzed over 100 water samples from selected Armenian hot springs and groundwater sources, testing for 36 elements. Results revealed a significant surface lithium concentration of 16,542 ppm in one of the groundwater samples, indicating strong potential for lithium extraction from brines. Additionally, arsenic levels exceeding 44,351 ppm suggest proximity to economically valuable mineralized zones, as arsenic is often associated with gold, silver, and copper deposits. These findings highlight the need for further geological and industrial investigations to assess extraction feasibility, enhance resource utilization, and support Armenia’s transition to a sustainable energy future.