Impact of cardiovascular and metabolic comorbidities on severity and outcomes of hospital-acquired sepsis in intensive care patients: a case–control study

Cardiovascular and metabolic comorbidities particularly myocardial infarction and type 2 diabetes mellitus are strongly associated with sepsis requiring intensive care. Elevated inflammatory cytokine levels characterize the systemic immune response in these patients. These findings highlight the importance of early risk stratification in septic patients with underlying cardiometabolic disease.