Analysis of Groundwater Availability Potential Using Euclidean Distance in the Suburbs of Yogyakarta City (study: Banguntapan District)

As one of the areas directly adjacent to the outskirts of Yogyakarta City, the Banguntapan District is increasingly affected by various rapid urban activities. So that period 2006 - 2024, more and more vegetation areas have experienced changes in function into building areas. This phenomenon is a warning for the sustainability of shallow groundwater in the study area in the future. Through a descriptive approach, the novelty of this research is the first study to integrate Euclidean Distance analysis from multi-temporal satellite imagery for water potential assessment so that the study aims to determine the potential availability of shallow groundwater based on changes in distance between vegetation areas, both herbaceous, shrubby, and tree-type vegetation, to the existence of water sources (wells). The research variables consist of land cover, vegetation type, rainfall intensity, soil and rock conditions, land slope, and fluctuations in groundwater depth (well depth). The results of the study indicate that in the period 2006-2024, there was a conversion of green land and open areas (rice fields/gardens/fields) into residential and business areas, reaching more than 45%, which resulted in a reduction in the area of the very high potential water catchment zone, covering only 12.8% of the total area. As a result, the reduced groundwater recharge has reached 316,752.52 m³/year, and the reduced groundwater infiltration volume rate has reached 26,036,055.022 m³/year. This situation aligns with the results of an analysis of 14 observation wells, which showed variations in well water level decline ranging from 1.72 m to 8.47 m. The results of this study enrich the analysis of shallow groundwater potential using Euclidean Distance analysis, which correlates with the distance between vegetation areas, providing valuable information for spatial planning policies, especially in suburban areas, to maintain the sustainability of groundwater resources.