Proposing a novel framework for façade decision-making using adapted fuzzy SWARA (case study: Tehran)

Purpose This study seeks to address a specific question: “What criteria should be prioritized in developing an initial framework to meet design standards and performance requirements for facades?” In response, this research proposes a structured set of criteria with specified relative importance to guide the evaluation of facades, leading to more rational and justifiable decisions. Design/methodology/approach This research utilizes fuzzy Stepwise Weight Assessment Ratio Analysis (SWARA) in combination of interview, observation, and questionnaire to respond to the research question. 18 interviews were performed to refine and complete the initial list of criteria derived from literature review. Additionally, observations in official sessions of façade evaluation were recorded to discover the aspects that had not been seen in the previous stages. Afterward, a questionnaire including close-ended questions was accomplished to acquire the relative importance of criteria employing fuzzy SWARA. Findings 22 criteria were identified in 6 primary categories. Three significant categories are “Architectural appearance,” “Stability” and “Performance”, representing 60 percent of importance in façade appraisal. Besides, the preeminent criteria are “Proportions and geometric coherence,” “Composition of materials and colors” and “Simplicity of design.” Originality/value The present study aims to establish criteria and their relative significance for a specific region, addressing a comprehensive systematic assessment of façades through an innovative approach. The proposed methodology and framework are adaptable to other regions and studies. Also, adapted fuzzy SWARA method is introduced to cover the shortcomings of SWARA, utilized for façade evaluation.