Beyond GoodRelations: A Behaviouristic Ontological Approach for the WEB 3 Challenges

Electronic commerce (e-commerce) has grown significantly since the first online shops appeared. Such a growth is quantifiable not only in terms of users and sales but also in complexity: assets, supply chains, shipment modalities and payment methods, auctions, digital negotiations and blockchains are examples of how e-commerce is evolving in the WEB 3.0 era. As consequence of the growth and spread, the need of realizing trustworthy marketplaces, especially when decentralized technologies are involved, came forward. Semantic Web technologies may play a crucial role in this mission as their adoption by the major online marketplaces evidenced. The GoodRelations ontology is a milestone in this context. However, many limitations prevent GoodRelations from addressing the challenges of the incoming releases of the WEB: indeed, intricate and intertwined relationships among the digital commerce stakeholders are outside the expressive power of GoodRelations. Improvements to ontological representation in the e-commerce realm derive from the Theory of Agents. Among the available models, the behavioristic approach pursued by the Ontology for Agents, Systems, and Integration of Services ( OASIS ) is well suited to addressing emerging challenges, including those posed by Web 3.0. In this contribution, we present an extension of OASIS for the e-commerce domain, aimed at supporting next-generation digital commerce by incorporating features such as supply chain modeling, distributed ledgers, negotiation mechanisms, and auction processes.