Ecology of

The Pengulu Tribe in Limun District, Sarolangun Regency, Jambi, has long utilized Scaphium macropodum, locally known as "merpayang" or “mempayang,” in traditional medicine. This species, belonging to the Sterculiaceae family, has a broader distribution than its seven subspecies. This study aimed to assess the population and ecological characteristics of S. macropodum within Sarolangun's production forest, providing baseline data for its sustainable use by indigenous communities. Specifically, this study estimated the population size and analyzed the key ecological factors influencing habitat suitability. Conducted from December 2023 to January 2024, the study employed observational methods, interviews, and literature review, with data analyzed descriptively and qualitatively. Ecological parameters were examined using the Importance Value Index (IVI), diversity and evenness indices, community similarity analysis (Ward’s method), and Principal Component Analysis (PCA). The results identified 47 tree species from 18 families within the habitat of S. macropodum. In APL NM and HA DM, Shorea parviflora dominated, while Shorea multiflora and Canarium sp. were prevalent in HL DT and APL DM. Shannon-Wiener diversity indices indicated moderate diversity and evenness across sites, with the highest similarity (90.81%) observed between APL NM and HA DM, while APL DM had the lowest diversity. These findings provide crucial insights into S. macropodum conservation, emphasizing the need for habitat preservation and sustainable utilization to support indigenous practices while mitigating environmental pressures.