Community-based marine protected area management: An analysis of local community perception in Beloi and Vila Maumeta Villages, Ataúro Municipality, Timor-Leste

Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) are essential for conserving marine ecosystems and supporting the livelihoods of coastal communities. This study investigates community perceptions of MPA management in Beloi and Vila Maumeta, Atauro Regency, Timor-Leste. A descriptive qualitative approach was employed, complemented by a Likert-scale survey administered to 60 respondents. The survey assessed knowledge, regulatory acceptance, and support for MPA implementation. Data were analyzed using SPSS and Microsoft Excel, with Total Score Eligibility Index (TSEI) and SWOT analysis guiding strategy formulation. Results revealed TSEI scores of 62% in Beloi and 78% in Vila Maumeta, indicating positive perceptions of MPAs. Key influencing factors included education level, participation in conservation activities, and income from marine resources. SWOT analysis identified strengths such as local ecological knowledge and ecotourism potential, while weaknesses included limited infrastructure and human resource capacity. Opportunities emerged in international collaboration and sustainable development, whereas threats involved climate change and resource overexploitation. Recommended strategies include enhancing community engagement, promoting local economic shifts, and refining conservation policies. The findings underscore the importance of integrating community perspectives into MPA governance to ensure effective and sustainable marine conservation in Atauro Regency.