Dynamic metabolic modeling of Streptomyces clavuligerus in complex medium highlights nutrient-dependent metabolic transitions associated with clavulanic acid biosynthesis

This study provides the first genome-scale dynamic modeling of S. clavuligerus in a complex medium, demonstrating that amino acid availability and their temporal utilization pattern govern the metabolic switch from growth to CA biosynthesis. This integrative framework helps to interpret the metabolic behavior of S. clavuligerus growth in complex medium, offering valuable insights into nutrient regulation and secondary metabolism in filamentous bacteria.