Quantum Computing Paradigms Implications for Cryptography and Data Security in Information Systems

Quantum computing has the potential to transforming computational paradigms, posing both a threat and an opportunity to contemporary cryptographic systems and data security frameworks. As quantum algorithms improve, pose a risk to traditional encryption solutions, and the concepts of post-quantum cryptography and quantum-safe security architectures gain momentum, it is of paramount importance that organizations stay ahead of the threat landscape. Keywords— Quantum Computing, Cryptography, Information Systems. This work reviewed the implications of quantum computing in the field of Cryptography and Data Security within Information Systems, analyzing three relevant problems encountered: secure key distribution, computational performance and cryptographic migration; Many works were unable to empirically validate or implement quantum-resistant algorithms in the real world, which represents a significant limitation to existing studies. This work tries to fill this gap by characterizing the security of post-quantum cryptography, including lattice-based, hash-based, and multivariate polynomial cryptosystems, from quantum attacks. Furthermore, we provide a multi-layered security framework that combines quantum-safe encryption, AI-powered anomaly detection, and blockchain-based authentication that would increase resilience against quantum attacks. This research bridges the gap by offering sector-specific insights into quantum security needs across key industries, including finance, healthcare, and government, facilitating the drafting of a standardized security framework and policy recommendations for a quantum-secure future. The research will help organizations and policymakers understand how they can implement scalable quantum-resistant cryptographic solutions and address potential cybersecurity risks associated with the post-quantum world.