Determinants of maternal transportation mode and travel time for timely emergency obstetric care in selected public hospitals, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2025

This study underscores that transportation barriers-especially reliance on private transport and underutilization of ambulances-remain a major contributor to delays in accessing EmOC in Addis Ababa. Key predictors of ambulance use, such as residence and awareness of emergency services, point to systemic gaps in public education and referral coordination. Strengthening transport systems and community awareness is essential to reducing second delays and improving maternal outcomes in urban Ethiopia.