Assessment of Dental Students’ and General Dentistry Residents’ Knowledge Regarding the Management of Anaphylactic Shock in the Dental Practice: A Single-Centre Study in Romania

<b>Background/Objectives</b>: Anaphylaxis is a rare occurrence in dental practice, yet when it happens, it demands swift management, as untreated cases can be fatal. The aim of this study is to evaluate the level of knowledge among dental students and residents regarding the symptoms and management of anaphylactic emergencies in dental surgery. <b>Methods</b>: The study involved a sample of 236 students from the 3rd and 5th years, and residents in their 1st and 2nd years of the General Dentistry programme at the Faculty of Dental Medicine in Iași, Romania. The response rate to the invitation was 85.8%. Knowledge was assessed using a self-administered questionnaire consisting of 18 questions organised into three sections, which were tested for internal consistency, yielding a Cronbach's alpha value of 0.731. <b>Results</b>: Statistically significant differences in the responses provided by the three categories of participants were observed for the following items: management of patients with an allergic background (<i>p</i> = 0.033), factors aggravating allergic predisposition (<i>p</i> = 0.001), the correct dose of epinephrine (<i>p</i> = 0.001), secondary medication (<i>p</i> = 0.001), and the timing of treatment initiation (<i>p</i> = 0.009). Questions where answers indicated moderate to low levels of knowledge (25-50% correct answers) concerned the therapeutic approach for patients with an allergic background, the site of adrenaline administration, and secondary medication. <b>Conclusions</b>: Overall, it can be observed that students demonstrated a high level of knowledge in questions related to the symptomatology of anaphylaxis and the therapeutic management of allergic patients, whereas residents showed better performance in questions addressing the therapeutic management of anaphylaxis. However, significant knowledge gaps were identified across all participant categories, suggesting that there must be periodic supplementary training.