Influence of Urban Landscape Patterns on PM2.5 Concentrations from the LCZ Perspective in Shanghai City

Under the fast development of urbanization, PM2.5 pollution has become a prominent issue affecting the urban ecological environment and residents’ health. To investigate the impact of urban landscape patterns on PM2.5 concentrations, this study applies the Local Climate Zone (LCZ) classification to Shanghai using the World Urban Database and Access Portal Tools (WUDAPT). LCZ-derived landscape metrics are adopted as predictor variables to focus on how urban form and spatial configuration affect PM2.5 distribution and to identify the key landscape categories and types influencing PM2.5 levels. The results reveal notable seasonal and spatial differences in the effects of different LCZ types and landscape metrics on PM2.5 concentrations; on average, over 69% of the spatial variation in PM2.5 across the four seasons can be explained by the Multi-scale Geographically Weighted Regression (MGWR) model. This research demonstrates that the LCZ framework effectively uncovers the seasonal and spatial mechanisms by which urban landscape patterns influence PM2.5 concentrations in Shanghai. It offers a novel perspective for understanding the interplay between urban landscape and atmospheric pollution, and provides scientific guidance for sustainable urban planning and precise air pollution control strategies in other cities.