Histopathological examination of the effects of two different laser types on the osteochondral defect created in the rabbit temporomandibular joint

The objective of this research was to evaluate the comparative efficacy of a novel dual-wavelength low-energy laser versus a traditional single-wavelength system on the repair of experimental osteochondral defects in the rabbit temporomandibular joint. Twenty-two adult male New Zealand White rabbits were utilized for this investigation. An osteochondral defect was created in the temporomandibular joint of the experimental group rabbits using a handpiece and a drill. Rabbits in the control group did not receive any regenerative treatment. Experimental animals in Group 1 (Epic10 laser) were treated with a single wavelength conventional laser, while a new generation dual wavelength low energy laser was applied in Group 2 (GRR laser). After the laser application protocol, joint samples were taken from the rabbits. They were sent to the pathology unit for pathological examination. The histopathological assessment focused on several key parameters: the defect filling ratio, reconstruction of the osteochondral junction, cellular morphology, and matrix staining. Defect filling, osteochondral junction, and cellular morphology were higher in Group 2 (GRR laser) compared to the other groups. However, the findings were not statistically significant. (p > 0.05). Matrix staining differed significantly among the groups (p = 0.027). According to matrix staining scores, Group 2 (GRR laser) treatment showed the highest success rate. Within the limits of this study, low-energy laser therapy shows more favorable histological trends in osteochondral defects of the rabbit temporomandibular joint.