The First Record of a Tree Frog (Anura, Hylidae) from the Late Pleistocene of the Urals

Bone remains of tree frogs (Hylidae) are described from the Late Pleistocene (Mikulino interglacial, Eemian interglacial, MIS 5e) of Makhnevskaya Ledyanaya Cave in the Middle Urals (Russia). The ilium of tree frogs from Makhnevskaya Ledyanaya Cave is assigned to the genus Hyla based on the following features: the crista dorsalis is absent, the tuber superior is rounded and positioned dorsolaterally, the pars descendens is strongly expanded and forms an angle of 135°–140° with the ala ilii. The other remains, including trunk vertebrae, sacral vertebra, urostyle, scapula, and humerus, are identified only as Hylinae indet. This is the first record of tree frogs from the Pleistocene of the Urals.