Development Potential of Bali Cattle in South Sulawesi: A Study on Population Structure and Management System

Bali cattle (Bos sondaicus) are one of Indonesia’s native livestock breeds. They are valued for their ability to adapt, their rapid reproductive capacity, and their significant contribution to the country’s beef supply. South Sulawesi is a significant region for the cultivation of this commodity, but most farms are small and productivity remains low. This study examined the relationships between population structure, management systems, and reproductive performance of Bali cattle in the region. A cross-sectional survey of 166 farmers (826 cattle) across five districts collected data via questionnaires, interviews, and on-farm observations, and was analysed using descriptive statistics. There were primarily female cattle, which means that targeted breeding could lead to a large herd. Natural mating (NM) was the primary method used in extensive and semi-intensive systems, whereas artificial insemination (AI) was the primary method employed in intensive systems. The calving rates were similar for all methods (58.33–59.09%), but AI had a better chance of improving genetic quality in controlled settings. These findings underscore the need for policy support and farmer training to promote the adoption of reproductive technologies, thereby enhancing the productivity, genetic merit, and sustainability of Bali cattle farming in South Sulawesi.