Prevalence and Risk Factors of Prediabetes: A Cross-Sectional Study

Diabetes has become increasingly prevalent globally, with Indonesia ranking fifth. In the progression of diabetes mellitus, impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and impaired fasting glucose (IFG) represent intermediate phases. Individuals with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) or impaired fasting glucose (IFG) represent a critical demographic for primary prevention due to their elevated risk of acquiring diabetes. The study aimed to evaluate the prevalence and risk factors of prediabetes in Indonesia. A cross-sectional study was conducted to collect data on blood glucose levels, anthropometric measurements, demographic characteristics, and lifestyle factors from 21,914 individuals aged 15 years and older without a diagnosis of diabetes mellitus. Risk variables for prediabetes were assessed via a statistical method known as Complex Sample Logistic Regression. The findings indicated that the prevalence of impaired fasting glucose (IFG) and impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) was 24.4% and 33.9%, respectively, with a combined prevalence of 48.2% for prediabetes (IFG+IGT). Age constituted the predominant risk factor for prediabetes, with the risk escalating by roughly 1.4 to 2.8 times post the age of 30 years. Excess weight elevates the risk of prediabetes by around 1.4 times, whereas less education raises the risk by almost 1.3 times. Rural inhabitants face a risk around 1.4 times more, while those with limited activity exhibit a 1.2 times increased risk. This investigation concludes that the prevalence of prediabetes is significantly high, with risk factors comprising advanced age, obesity, sedentary lifestyle, and low educational attainment.