Ecological Aspects of the Evolution of Caddisflies of the Family Philopotamidae (Insecta, Trichoptera) and a New Species of the Genus Archiphilopotamus from the Jurassic of Kyrgyzstan

The caddisfly Archiphilopotamus sagulicus Sukatsheva, sp. nov. (Philopotamidae) is described from the Lower Jurassic of Kyrgyzstan (locality Shurab III (Sai-Sagul)). A list of fossil Philopotamidae is provided, and ecology and taphonomy of fossil Philopotamidae is analyzed. Three extinct genera dominated in the Jurassic and Lower Cretaceous lacustrine deposits of various origins, while two extant genera were dominant in Late Cretaceous and Cenozoic fossil resins. This pattern supports the hypothesis of high oxyphily of preimaginal phylopotamids through all their traceable history in spite of their limnic rather than lotic habits before the mid-Cretaceous. This might have been associated with high oxygen levels in the Mesozoic lakes before the mid-Cretaceous, a specific and extinct lake type that differed from the later lakes, according to competing hypotheses, in being either hypotrophic, or with abundant floating plant-and-bacterial mats.