Modeling of Spatial Utilization Based on Tsunami Disaster Mitigation Areas Affected by Seram 1899, Maluku

Teluk Elpaputih District, located in Central Maluku, faces high tsunami risk due to its coastal geography and historical events, including the 1899 Seram tsunami. This study aims to (1) analyze tsunami vulnerability levels and (2) propose spatial utilization models for mitigation. Using GIS-based overlay analysis, parameters such as distance from earthquake source, land elevation, slope, coastal morphology, and presence of barrier islands were evaluated. Results show three vulnerability classes, with high-risk zones concentrated in the southern coastal areas and low-risk zones in the northern mountainous region. Based on these findings, spatial utilization was divided into four zones: protection, restricted, conditional, and development. The proposed model provides guidance for safer, productive, and sustainable spatial planning, supporting disaster risk reduction and regional resilience in Central Maluku.