Cardiovascular diseases and risk factors associated with sudden cardiac death in amateur athletes: a scoping review

Sudden cardiac death in amateur athletes is predominantly associated with underlying cardiovascular diseases, particularly hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, and with a combination of modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors. These findings highlight that SCD is not exclusive to elite sports and underscore the need for preventive strategies in amateur athletes, including cardiovascular screening, risk factor control, education in cardiopulmonary resuscitation, and availability of automated external defibrillators in sports settings.