Two new abietane diterpenoids from <i>Salvia cavaleriei</i> var. <i>simplicifolia</i>

A phytochemical investigation of the ethanol extract of <i>Salvia cavaleriei</i> var. <i>simplicifolia</i> E.Peter yielded two new abietane-type diterpenoids, salcasins C and D (<b>1</b> and <b>2</b>), along with six known diterpenoids (<b>3-8</b>). The chemical structures and absolute configurations of these isolates were unambiguously determined using comprehensive spectroscopic methods, coupled with DP4+ analysis and electronic circular dichroism (ECD) calculations. Additionally, the <i>in vivo</i> anti-Alzheimer's disease (AD) activity of all isolates (<b>1-8</b>) was assessed using a transgenic <i>Caenorhabditis elegans</i> AD pathological model. However, at a concentration of 100 μM, none of the tested compounds demonstrated anti-AD activity.