A Systematic Review on Functional Bioactive Compound Atractylone: Natural Source, Pharmacological Properties and Mechanisms Insights

Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has garnered considerable attention due to its multifaceted therapeutic potential, characterized by a broad spectrum of pharmacological activities, multiple biological targets, and a generally favorable safety profile. Atractylone, a bioactive sesquiterpenoid, has been noted to exhibit numerous pharmacological effects, including cytotoxic, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, anticancer, antioxidant, neuroprotective, and gastroprotective activities. The isolation and structural characterization of this compound are essential for optimizing its pharmacological applications and unlocking its full therapeutic potential. Despite its promising bioactivity, to our knowledge, no comprehensive review has yet been dedicated to summarizing the current state of research on Atractylone. To tackle this gap, we conducted a systematic review following the PRISMA guidelines to define a clear research question and methodology. A comprehensive literature search was performed using PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar to collect all available information on Atractylone. This review aims to furnish a detailed analysis of its natural sources, biosynthetic pathways, and biological activities. By summarizing current knowledge, this article establishes a foundation for future research and encourages further exploration of Atractylone's therapeutic applications.