The beneficial properties of glycomacropeptide in management of atopic dermatitis and extenuating skin aging

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin disorder characterized by impaired skin barrier function, persistent inflammation, and increased vulnerability to environmental irritants. Chronic inflammation in AD can also contribute to premature skin aging by promoting collagen degradation, wrinkle formation, and reduced skin elasticity. Conventional treatments, including topical corticosteroids, may lead to adverse effects with long-term use, underscoring the need for safer, sustainable alternatives. Glycomacropeptide (GMP), a bioactive peptide derived from κ-casein during cheese production, has attracted interest for its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and skin barrier-supporting properties. Evidence from <i>in vitro</i>, <i>in vivo</i>, and limited clinical studies suggests that GMP may modulate inflammatory responses, attenuate oxidative stress, support collagen integrity, and promote wound healing. Its amphiphilic nature also enables its use as a natural emulsifier in topical formulations. In addition, the utilization of GMP contributes to sustainable development by valorizing dairy byproducts. This narrative review synthesizes current literature on GMP's dermatological potential, with a focus on its applicability in AD management and skin aging mitigation, while identifying research gaps and directions for future clinical evaluation.