A Reliable, Valid, and Efficient Goniometric Technique to Measure Scapular Protraction and Retraction

The reliability and validity meet or exceed similar psychometric properties of goniometric techniques for other joints of the human body. Goniometric measurement of scapular protraction and retraction is a reliable and valid technique that can be efficiently implemented by rehabilitation practitioners. Plain-Language Summary: Protraction and retraction of the scapula are important, foundational movements of upper extremity function but have proven uniquely challenging to measure. The present findings support the use of goniometry as a valid, reliable, and efficient method for the assessment of scapular protraction and retraction by occupational therapists and other rehabilitation practitioners.