Community-driven approaches to rural electrification: insights and lessons from Lesotho

Access to electricity is a pivotal driver of socio-economic development, particularly in rural areas where it enhances education, healthcare, and economic activities. Despite its significance, rural electrification remains a serious challenge in many developing countries, including Lesotho. This study examines the experiences of two rural communities, Kolo Hlahloeng and Bongalla, located in the Mafeteng District of Lesotho in their pursuit of electrification through community-driven initiatives. Employing the Sustainable Livelihoods Approach (SLA) as the analytical framework, the research delves into the interplay between local governance, community investments, and socio-political dynamics. Data were collected through focus group discussions with community members, chiefs, and councilors, complemented by analysis of historical records, financial data, and community narratives. The findings reveal that, despite considerable financial investments and efforts, both communities continue to face major obstacles such as inadequate funding, logistical difficulties, and a lack of political support. The lack of electricity adversely affects livelihoods, disproportionately burdening women and hindering economic development. Nonetheless, the communities exhibit resilience and innovation, exploring alternative energy solutions like solar power. The study underscores the necessity for inclusive, community-driven approaches and supportive policies to achieve sustainable rural electrification in Lesotho and similar contexts.