Generation and Characterization of Vector Beams with a Single SLM for Super-Resolution Microscopy

We present a method to generate vector beams using a single spatial light modulator (SLM) for depletion-based super-resolution microscopy techniques such as STED, RESOLFT, and subtraction microscopy. We demonstrate the generation of circularly polarized Laguerre-Gaussian LG01 beams and vector beams with spatially varying polarization, such as azimuthal beams. Their intensity profiles, polarization distributions, and robustness to optical aberrations are experimentally analyzed under low-and high-numerical aperture conditions to assess their suitability for super-resolution applications.